Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There is acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
Pancreatitis is one of the most serious diseases of the digestive system.There is acute and chronic pancreatitis, each of these types has its own characteristics and methods of treatment.
But one thing remains unchanged in pancreatitis: the old lifestyle and diet will remain a thing of the past, because the basis of pancreatitis treatment is an almost lifelong diet.The pancreas does not forgive mistakes in eating, it immediately reacts with pain and digestive disorders.
Basic facts about pancreatitis
Pancreatitis is an acquired disease;it develops as a result of abdominal trauma, viral damage to the pancreas, due to liver and gall bladder disorders, after poisoning with alcohol and other toxic substances, with frequent and severe eating disorders - prolonged fasting, diets aimed at losing weight.
The main signs of pancreatitis are:
- abdominal pain - sharp, dagger-like, almost to the point of loss of consciousness in acute pancreatitis or dull or aching in the chronic version;
- nausea and vomiting;
- bowel irregularities, often severe diarrhea, fever;
- sudden weight loss.
With acute pancreatitis, they are usually admitted to a hospital.Chronic exacerbations can be treated at home, but only under the supervision of a doctor.Self-medication in pancreatitis is dangerous due to the development of complications, including pancreatic necrosis (enzymatic melting of the glandular tissue, self-digestion of the gland) and the development of peritonitis, which is fatal.
Therapeutic nutrition in pancreatitis
Drug, enzyme and dietary therapy for pancreatitis is selected by the doctor based on the patient's condition and research data.However, the general principles of diet correction always remain approximately the same.They give rest to digestion and pancreas, which means they reduce pain and normalize well-being.
Nutrition in pancreatitis is sharply limited - most of the usual foods will have to be forgotten.You need to eat often, about 5-6 times a day - every 2.5-3 hours, with a break of 8 hours of sleep.But the portions should be small in volume - about 200-250 g, especially in the first period after an exacerbation of the disease.
All dishes are mechanically processed - almost all are eaten pureed.Then, when the inflammation subsides, larger particles appear in the food, but you must chew the food thoroughly.
Since the whole body suffers due to insufficient supply of nutrients during pancreatitis,it is necessary to increase the protein component of the diet (meat, fish, dairy products) - on average up to 140-150 g of protein per day.
But fats and carbohydrates, which greatly burden the pancreas, are limited to the minimum possible.Carbohydrates are given about 300 g per day, fats - no more than 70-80 g.
Products that have a juice effect are removed from the diet - meat and fish broths, cabbage juice and decoction;during a severe painful attack, therapeutic fasting is recommended for a period of 1-2 days under the supervision of a doctor.
If you have pancreatitis, you should drink more fluids -It is recommended that you drink up to 2 liters of pure water per day, taking 2-3 sips of water approximately every half hour throughout the day.
Naturally, with pancreatitis, it is necessary to completely stop smoking and drinking alcohol.They are the most powerful provocateurs of seizures.
What should be excluded?
The list of prohibited products will become quite impressive and can be daunting at first.However, without following these restrictions, relief may take a very long time.Gradually, you can carefully expand your diet, adhering to the general principles of proper nutrition.
So, for the entire acute period or the moment of exacerbation of the chronic process, you should exclude:
- beet soup, cabbage soup and borscht, okroshka, soups with meat, mushroom and fish broths, the broths themselves;
- fatty meat - pork, lamb, goose and duck;
- viscera - kidneys, heart, brain, liver;
- fried, smoked, salted and spicy dishes;
- canned foods;
- sausages;
- oily fish (catfish, sturgeon, sturgeon, carp);caviar;
- butter, margarine, mayonnaise;
- fatty dairy dishes - cream, sour cream, koumiss;
- yolks, boiled eggs;
- garnishes from millet, corn, barley, beans;
- cabbage, turnips, radishes, rutabagas, eggplants, onions and garlic, sorrel, cucumbers, tomatoes and peppers;
- citrus fruits, apples (sour varieties), grapes, pomegranate, blueberries;
- chocolate, jam;
- French fries, sauces, marinades, vinegar, ketchup;
- all carbonated drinks, even mineral water (only still);
- strong tea and coffee, juices, cocoa;
- all types of fresh bread and pastries, pancakes, pies, pastries.
As you can see, the list of restrictions is quite long, but this is only for the duration of an acute process.After that, you can gradually expand your diet, but you will have to forget boring and "heavy" meals almost forever.
What can you eat?
This is the first question that arises after reading the list of prohibitions.Of course, the diet is not very diverse, but it is aimed at keeping the pancreas at rest and relieving inflammation.
Allowed:
- dried yesterday's bread, biscuits;
- vegetable, noodle soups;
- dishes with steamed meat and poultry - cutlets, meatballs, rolls, pates, meat purees;
- boiled fish fillet (low-fat), baked fish, omelettes;
- milk, cottage cheese, low-fat and soft cheese, kefir;
- vegetable and butter (in mash) oils;
- vegetable purees and stews, boiled vegetables;
- pasta, noodles, cereals - oatmeal, semolina, buckwheat, rice;
- unsweetened baked fruit (pears, apples, peaches, plums);
- compote, jelly, jelly;
- rosehip decoctions, herbal teas, bran drink.
Of course, the diet is limited, but after consultation with the doctor, you will gradually expand your menu.
Sample menu
It is worth remembering that this menu can be used at home when the exacerbation subsides;in the acute stage of pancreatitis, fasting and gradual introduction of food is prescribed.When planning your diet, remember: there should be at least five meals that are roughly equal in calorie content and digestive load.
Pancreatitis menu for 5 days
Day one
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 biscuits of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, zucchini puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip decoction - 200 ml, one third of a banana.
- Afternoon snack: fruit jelly - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, mineral water without gas - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
Day two
- Breakfast: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml tea with milk.
- Second breakfast: steamed beef cutlet - 100 g, carrot soufflé - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of dried fruit compote.
- Lunch: noodle soup - 200 ml, boiled chicken - 100 g, vegetable puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, mineral water - 200 ml, half a baked pear.
- Afternoon snack: applesauce - 200 g, still mineral water - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 100 g.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 200 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, sandwich with cheese (30 g of cheese, a piece of toast), weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
Day three
- Breakfast: pumpkin and pumpkin puree - 100-150 g, 2 croutons of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, half a baked pear, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml compote.
- Lunch: broccoli soup - 200 ml, boiled meat, ground into puree - 100 g, mashed potatoes - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, chamomile tea - 200 ml.
- Afternoon snack: vegetable stew - 200 g, cheese - 50 g, mineral water without gas - 200 ml.
- Dinner: buckwheat porridge - 200 g, kefir - 200 g, half a banana, a slice of white bread.
Day four
- Breakfast: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 biscuits of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
- Second breakfast: rice porridge - 200 g, dry white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: vegetable soup - 200 ml, boiled fish - 100 g, carrot puree - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip decoction - 200 ml, a third of a banana.
- Afternoon breakfast: omelette - 100 g, baked sweet apple, still mineral water - 200 ml.
- Dinner: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
Day five
- Breakfast: oatmeal - 200 g, pumpkin puree - 100 g, steamed meatballs - 2 pcs., weak tea with milk, a piece of black bread.
- Second breakfast: steamed chicken cutlet - 100 g, omelet - 100 g, dried white bread - 1 piece, 200 ml of milk (kefir).
- Lunch: pasta soup - 200 ml, steamed fish cutlet - 100 g, pumpkin puree with carrots - 100 g, white bread - 1 piece, rosehip decoction - 200 ml, Maria biscuits - 2 pcs.
- Afternoon snack: baked fruits - 100 g, low-fat cottage cheese - 100 g, mineral water without gas - 200 ml.
- Dinner: mashed potatoes - 100-150 g, 2 biscuits of white bread, 200 ml of mineral water (still!).
If you follow the doctor's recommendations, strictly follow the diet and follow all the instructions, you can quickly achieve relief.But a fairly strict diet with restriction of "heavy" foods will last from 3 to 6 months.And then you will constantly have to limit fatty foods, fried foods, spices and canned goods.